Copper-bearing feed (such as sulphide concentrates, scrap, inerts, or recycled materials), fluxes and fuel if required are fed into one end of the reactor using a high-speed slinger, while oxygen-enriched air is blown into the liquid melt using submerged tuyeres. State-of-the-art process control technologies are used to maintain steady set-point conditions, even though feed composition and rate may vary according to daily plant requirements.